[1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]palladium(II)

Name: Dichloro[1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]palladium(II)
Other Names: [1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]palladium(II) chloride, 1,3-bisdiphenylphosphinopropane dichloride, [1,3-bisdiphenylphosphino]palladium chloride, bis(1,3-diphenylphosphino)propyl dichloride (II)
English Other Names: (1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)palladium(II) chloride, PdCl2(dppp), [1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]palladium(II) dichloride, Dichloro[1,3-Bis(Diphenylphosphino)Propane]Palladium(II)
CAS Number: 59831-02-6
EINECS Number: 627-387-4
Chemical Formula: C₂₇H₂₆Cl₂P₂Pd
Molecular Weight: 589.77
InChI: InChI=1/C₂₇H₂₆P₂.2ClH.Pd/c1-5-14-24(15-6-1)28(25-16-7-2-8-17-25)22-13-23-29(26-18-9-3-10-19-26)27-20-11-4-12-21-27;;;/h1-12,14-21H,13,22-23H2;2\*1H;/q;;;+2/p-2
Boiling Point: 529.7°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 291.5°C
Water solubility: Insoluble in water
Storage conditions: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place; inert atmosphere, at room temperature
Sensitivity: Sensitive to air/moisture (must be stored in an inert atmosphere)
Appearance: Pale yellow powder/off-white powder
Color: Pale yellow
Hazard symbols: Xn (Hazardous)
**Risk terms** R20/21/22 (Hazardous if inhaled, comes into contact with skin or is ingested); R36/37/38 (Irritation to eyes, respiratory system and skin)
**Safety terms** S26 (In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice); S36/37 (Wear appropriate protective clothing and gloves)

Properties: [1,3-bis(diphenylphosphine)propane]palladium(II) chloride is a palladium(II) complex formed by the coordination of 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphine)propane (dppp) ligand with palladium dichloride. The compound is a pale yellow powder, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Its boiling point is 529.7°C (760 mmHg), and its flash point is 291.5°C. This complex is relatively stable in air, but it is recommended to store it under an inert atmosphere (such as nitrogen or argon) to maintain its catalytic activity. The palladium content is approximately 18%.

Applications
This compound is an important homogeneous palladium catalyst, primarily used for cross-coupling reactions. Specific applications include:

Suzuki coupling reaction: catalyzing the coupling of arylboronic acids with aryl halides

Heck reaction: catalyzing the coupling of alkenes with aryl halides

Stille coupling reaction: catalyzing the coupling of organotin reagents with halides

Negishi coupling reaction: catalyzing the coupling of organozinc reagents with halides

Carbonylation reaction: catalyzing carbon monoxide insertion reactions

Widely used in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry, and liquid crystal material synthesis.

Preparation
This complex is typically prepared by: dissolving palladium chloride (PdCl₂) in concentrated hydrochloric acid, heating to 40-80°C to dissolve, and then diluting with ethanol. Simultaneously, the 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphine)propane (dppp) ligand was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and heated to 40-80°C. A PdCl₂ solution was added dropwise to the ligand solution. After the addition was complete, the mixture was kept at 45-80°C for 0.5-3 hours, then cooled, filtered, washed, and dried under vacuum to obtain a pale yellow product.

Hazard Classification: Hazardous (Xn)

Main Hazards: Harmful if inhaled, comes into contact with skin, or is ingested; irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.

First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Move patient to fresh air; Skin contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; Eye contact: Rinse with plenty of water; Ingestion: Rinse mouth and seek medical attention.

Protective Measures: Wear appropriate protective clothing and gloves (S36/37); Avoid inhaling dust; Handle in a well-ventilated area.

Storage Requirements: Store in a well-ventilated area, keeping the container tightly closed (P403+P233); the storage area must be locked (P405).

Waste Disposal: Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste treatment plant (P501).

Special Notes: Contains palladium compounds; treat as a heavy metal contaminant; avoid release into the environment.